All members belong to the animal kingdom are multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms. Zoology, the study of animals, has many subdivisions based on specific areas of interest and study.And the name of study for the classified group of animal are as below:
Invertebrate zoolgy is the study of multicellular animals without backbones.
- Entomology -is the study of insects
- Myrmecology -is the study of ants
- Apiology - is the study of honey bees
- Arachnology - is the study of spiders and their relatives
- Malacology - is the study of mollusks
- Conchology - is the study of mollusk shells
Vertebrate zoology is the study of animals with backbones.
- Ichthyolgy - is the study of fish
- Herpeteology - is the study of amphibians and reptiles
- Ornithology - is the study of birds
- Mammalogy -is the study of mammals
- Cetology - is the study of marine mammals
- Primatology - is the study of primates
Morphology is the study of the shape, form, and structure of animals and their body parts.
Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarity and differences in the anatomy of different groups of animals.
- Structures are homologous if they have arisen from the same
ancestral structure, but perform either similar or different functions
in modern animals. Examples are the wings of birds, the human arm, and
the forelimb of whales.
- Analogous structures have developed from different ancestral structures, but perform similar functions. Examples are the wings of birds and the wings of insects.
Layers of cells that originate in the developing embryo and become specific structures in the animal are known as germ layers.
- Ectoderm - the outer layer which forms the body covering.
- Mesoderm - the middle layer which forms the organs inside the body.
- Endoderm - the inner layer which forms the lining inside the body cavity.
There are four body types defined by the presence or absence of a coelom, or body cavity. The body types below are arranged from least complex to most complex:
- Acoelomate, with only two germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm. (Hydra)
- Acoelomate, with three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (Flatworms)
- Pseudocoelomate, with a "cavity" forming between the mesoderm and the endoderm. (Roundworms)
- Coelomate, with a true body cavity forming within the mesoderm. (Segmented worms, Freshwater muscles, all Arthropods, and all Chordates)
Taxonomy
is the science of naming and classifying organisms on the basis of
their evolutionary relationships. Visible traits are most often used
for this classification.
Although the binomial system requires that each species be
assigned a unique, two-word (Latin) name, there must be a hierarchical
system for arranging organisms in a logical and retrievable fashion.
Such a system now recognizes at least seven taxonomic ranks (taxa) to
which each organism must be assigned.
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
In addition to the basic seven categories above, many other taxonomic ranks exist (Subphyla, Superclasses, Subspecies, etc.).
For example, the Linnaean Classification of Human Being is:
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Subclass: | Theria |
| Infraclass: | Eutheria |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Anthropoidea |
| Superfamily: | Hominoidea |
| Family: | Hominidae |
| Genus: | Homo |
| Species: | sapiens |
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