Animal Cell, Tissue and Organ

Animal Cell

Animal cells are eukaryotic cells, or cells with a membrane-bound nucleus. Unlike prokaryotic cells, DNA in animal cells is housed within the nucleus. In addition to having a nucleus, animal cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles, or tiny cellular structures, that carry out specific functions necessary for normal cellular operation. Organelles have a wide range of responsibilities that include everything from producing hormones and enzymes to providing energy for animal cells. There are different types of cell in organism for different purposes of body function.

Functions of the Animal Cell

The functions of animal cell are as follow, carried out by the different cell organelles.

Nucleus :- The nucleus is referred to as the heart of the cell. The nucleus houses the genetic material of the organism which is the DNA. DNA replication and RNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus. It regulates the activities of the other cell organelles thus a very important cell organelle. The cell nucleus is bound by a definite membrane called the nuclear membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum :- The endoplasmic reticulum is a network for transportation of certain critical substances in and out of the nucleus.The endoplasic reticulum is seen like a network of interconnecting pathways to enable the transport of molecules. There are two kinds of ER namely Rough ER and Smooth ER. Rough ER has ribosome molecules attached to its surface while the smooth ER does not have ribosome molecules attached to its surface.

Mitochondria :- The mitochondria is also referred to as the power house of the cell. It is a double membraned organelle that helps in energy production for the cell.The energy is generated in the form of ATP. Mitochondria also has its own genetic material called the mitochondrial DNA which is circular. The energy is generated from the glucose we take in by a process called the cellular respiration.

Lysososmes :- Lysososmes are referred to as suicide bags of the cell. They are involved in clearing the unwanted and waste materials from the cell. The lysososmes contain hydrolytic enzymes that are destructive. they kill the toxic materials of the cell time to time.They engulf materials like damaged organelles, virus, bacteria and food particles.

Golgi Apparatus :- The Golgi apparatus is involved with processing and packaging of the molecules synthesized by the cell mainly the proteins ready for secretion. The ER transports the proteins in their crude form to the golgi appratus. The golgi apparatus packages the proteins developing them into primary, secondary and tertiary proteins respectively.

Vacuole :- The vacuole is a large empty storage organelle. They store excess water or food. It is present in many numbers withing the cell floating in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes :- The Ribosome is involved in protein synthesis.It consists of two sub units.Protein synthesis primarily occurs in the ribosomes. The ribosomes may be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or may be found attached to the ER.

Tissue

According to Biology, Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by the functional grouping together of multiple tissues.The study of tissue is known as histology or, in connection with disease, histopathology. The classical tools for studying tissues are the paraffin block in which tissue is embedded and then sectioned, the histological stain, and the optical microscope. In the last couple of decades, developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and the use of frozen tissue sections have enhanced the detail that can be observed in tissues. With these tools, the classical appearances of tissues can be examined in health and disease, enabling considerable refinement of clinical diagnosis and prognosis.

Types of Animal Tissue:-

Animal Tissue

• Connective tissue

• Muscle tissue

• Nervous tissue

• Epithelial tissue

Organ

In biology, an organ is a collection of tissues joined in a structural unit to serve a common function. There are different types organ in animal constructing a complete body. Such as Liver, Heart, Lungs etc. Organs may found in only developed animal.